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The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) today adopted final rules for the “Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors” (the Rules). The Rules require registrants to disclose climate-related risks that have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, together with their associated actual or potential material impacts. The Rules do not require reporting on Scope 3 emissions or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originating in a registrant’s value chains or outside of its direct operations (as was proposed in earlier versions – see our earlier bulletin here). The Rules notably require more disclosure from registrants on capitalized costs, expenditures expensed, and losses related to material use of carbon credits. Disclosure requirements will be phased-in between 2025-2033, with compliance dates dependent on the type of registrant. The SEC also published a fact sheet alongside today’s release. This bulletin briefly summarizes key details of the Rules. Content of the disclosures. The Rules will require a registrant to disclose, among other things: Strategy. The Rules require disclosure of the following strategy-related climate risks and impacts: actual and potential material impacts of any identified climate-related risks on the registrant’s strategy, business model, and outlook; if, as part of its strategy, a registrant has undertaken activities to mitigate or adapt to a material climate-related risk or has adopted a transition plan to manage material risks, a quantitative and qualitative description of material expenditures incurred and material impacts on financial estimates and assumptions that directly result from such mitigation or adaptation activities; and specified disclosures regarding a registrant’s activities, if any, to mitigate or adapt to a material climate-related risk including the use, if any, of transition plans, scenario analysis, or internal carbon prices. Risk management. The Rules require disclosure of a registrant’s climate-related risk management, including: any oversight…

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) today charged Coinbase, Inc., the largest crypto asset trading platform in the U.S., with operating a crypto asset trading platform as an unregistered national securities exchange, broker, and clearing agency as well was failing to register the offer and sale of its crypto asset staking-as-a-service program (the Complaint). Regulators across the world are increasing their oversight of new and emerging securities and crypto carbon offerings should heed the recent actions of the SEC and carefully examine whether their offerings constitute unregulated securities. This bulletin briefly summarizes key details of the Complaint. The SEC’s Complaint alleges that Coinbase intertwines the traditional services of an exchange, broker, and clearing agency without having registered any of those functions with the SEC as required by law. The Complaint alleges that since 2019, Coinbase has: provided a marketplace and brought together the orders for securities of multiple buyers and sellers using established, non-discretionary methods under which such orders interact; engaged in the business of effecting securities transactions for the accounts of Coinbase customers; provided facilities for comparison of data respecting the terms of settlement of crypto asset securities transactions, served as an intermediary in settling transactions in crypto asset securities by Coinbase customers, and acted as a securities depository; and engaged in an unregistered securities offering through its staking-as-a-service program, allowing customers to earn profits from the “proof of stake” mechanisms of certain blockchains and Coinbase’s efforts. The SEC stated that Coinbase’s actions “deprive[d] investors of critical protections, including rulebooks that prevent fraud and manipulation, proper disclosure, safeguards against conflicts of interest, and routine inspection by the SEC” and that its failure to register its staking-as-service program “depriv[ed] investors of critical disclosure and other protections.” The Complaint follows yesterday’s similar charges, including several alleged securities law violations, against…

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) yesterday proposed rule changes that would require climate-related disclosures in registration statements and periodic reports (the Proposed Rule). The Proposed Rule is similar to other disclosure frameworks including the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. This bulletin summarizes key, high-level details of the Proposed Rule, which is over 500 pages in length:   Required climate-related disclosure. The Proposed Rule would require registrants to disclose: the oversight and governance of climate-related risks by the board and management; how any climate-related risks identified by the registrant have had or are likely to have a material impact on its business and consolidated financial statements, which may manifest over the short-, medium-, or long-term; how any identified climate-related risks have affected or are likely to affect the registrant’s strategy, business model, and outlook; the registrant’s processes for identifying, assessing, and managing climate-related risks and whether any such processes are integrated into the registrant’s overall risk and management system or processes; the impact of climate-related events and transition activities on the line items of a registrant’s consolidated financial statements, and disclosure of financial estimates and assumptions impacted by such climate-related events and transition activities; Scope 1 and 2 emissions and Scope 3 emissions in specific circumstances;  carbon offsets and renewable energy credits or certificates (RECs); any  internal carbon price; and any climate-related targets, goals, and transition plans. Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. The Proposed Rule would require the disclosure of a registrant’s Scope 1 and 2 emissions in disaggregated constituent GHGs and in the aggregate, as well as in absolute and intensity terms. Scope 3 emissions and intensity would be disclosable only if material or where a registrant has set a GHG emissions target or goal that includes Scope 3 emissions. The SEC notes that the…