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EPA to Rescind 2009 GHG Endangerment Finding

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yesterday announced its intent to rescind the 2009 Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Finding for Greenhouse Gases (the Finding) later this week. The Finding, issued under the Clean Air Act (the Act) and preceded by confirmation of the EPA’s regulatory authority by the U.S. Supreme Court in a landmark 2007 decision, has served as the legal foundation for almost all climate regulations under the Act, including auto standards. Once rescinded, the EPA is expected to repeal all GHG emission standards for light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles and engines. The EPA previously indicated that engine and vehicle manufacturers would no longer have any future obligations for the measurement, control, and reporting of GHG emissions for any highway engine and vehicle. The EPA has stated, however, that it would maintain regulations necessary for criteria pollutant and air toxic measurement and standards, Corporate Average Fuel Economy testing, and associated fuel economy labeling requirements. Background. On December 7, 2009, the Obama Administration signed two distinct findings regarding GHGs under section 202(a) of the Act: Endangerment Finding. Current and projected concentrations of the six key well-mixed greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) – in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations. Cause or Contribute Finding. The combined emissions of the well-mixed GHGs from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines contribute to the GHG pollution that threatens public health and welfare. On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed an Executive Order directing the EPA to submit recommendations regarding the legality and continuing applicability of the Finding. Following that directive, the EPA announced last summer that it was reconsidering the Finding, culminating in this week’s anticipated formal rescinding of the Finding.   For further information or to discuss the contents…

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Budget 2025: Key Climate, Energy, and Indigenous Highlights

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On November 4, 2025, Canada released a prudent, investment focussed Canada Strong Budget 2025 (“Budget 2025”) that is in line with the global energy transition in all major global economies other than the U.S. In doing so, it has: (i) accepted and embraced the country’s innate nature as a climate-forward, responsible energy, mineral, and nature resource producer with strong Indigenous rightsholders; and (ii) put in place the investment structures and tax incentives to go beyond resource production and lead in the knowledge economy. As with all government announcements, the success of the Budget 2025 strategy will rest on implementation, particularly the speed with which the government, Indigenous rightsholders, and cooperative provincial and territorial governments can manifest the changes outlined in the 2025 Budget. The thrust of the new approach has tell-tale signs of a good investment finance strategy with new infrastructure and resource development funds, tax incentives, and necessary regulatory backstops. It is focussed on economic, infrastructure, and climate outcomes rather than aspirational targets (which Canada has repeatedly missed). Fiscal discipline is reflected in a downsizing (10%) of the public service largely through attrition, AI, and elimination of open positions that can be filled by same. Key climate, energy, and Indigenous elements of Budget 2025 include: Climate Action. Budget 2025 introduces new and proposed funding to support climate action, alongside the formal elimination of federal consumer carbon pricing (see our earlier bulletin here) and other program adjustments and reallocations, including: Direct Delivery Stream for Adaptation and Infrastructure. $6B over ten years, beginning in 2026–27, for a Direct Delivery Stream under Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada, to support regionally significant projects related to climate adaptation, retrofits, and community infrastructure. Biofuels Production Incentive. $372M over two years for a Biofeuls Production Incentive to Natural Resources Canada to establish a production incentive for biodiesel and renewable diesel producers (starting in 2026). Elimination of…

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President Biden Signs Inflation Reduction Act

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The United States has just passed arguably its most significant and meaningful legislative instrument on climate change and clean energy. It is intended to have positive implications for climate and clean energy markets around the globe. On Sunday, August 8, 2022, the US Senate passed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the Act). The Act was then passed by the House of Representatives on Friday, August 12, 2022, and President Biden signed it into law today (Tuesday, August 16, 2022). The Act represents a central pillar of President Biden’s policy agenda and is extremely ambitious in scope, with significant implications for healthcare, taxes, and climate change. It authorizes approximately US$430 billion in spending, with approximately US$369 billion of that sum directed to clean energy and addressing climate change. This bulletin highlights the central climate and energy provisions of the Act. It is noteworthy that Senate Democrats estimate that the Act will raise US$739 billion in new revenue through measures such as increasing the IRS’s enforcement of tax evasion, and a new 15% minimum tax rate applicable to corporations with profits of $1 billion or more. These new revenues are intended to more than offset the expenses resulting from new programs, resulting in a projected reduction in the federal government’s deficit. The Senate was the critical hurdle for the Act, with approval remaining in doubt until its final passing by a vote of 51-50 (along strict party lines with Vice President Harris casting the 51st and tie-breaking vote).   Senate Democrats indicate that the climate change provisions of the Act will result in a 40 percent reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 compared to 2005 levels when fully implemented. While this falls short of America’s updated Paris Target of a 50-52% reduction from 2005 GHG emissions by 2030, it constitutes meaningful progress toward that goal.    The climate and energy portions…

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Budget 2022: Key climate, energy, and Indigenous highlights

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Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Chrystia Freeland yesterday released Budget 2022: A Plan to Grow Our Economy and Make Life More Affordable (Budget 2022). This bulletin outlines key climate, energy, and Indigenous highlights from Budget 2022, part of total new spending of $31.2B, which includes: A proposal to establish the Canada Growth Fund (initial investment of $15B over five years), directly targeted at reducing emissions and enabling the transition to a low-carbon economy. Confirmation of the government’s intention to establish a refundable investment tax credit for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) projects to the extent that they permanently store captured CO2 through an eligible use. Plans to engage with experts on establishing an investment tax credit of up to 30 per cent, focused on net-zero technologies, battery storage solutions, and clean hydrogen. Support for the co-development of an Indigenous Climate Leadership Agenda to support self-determined action in addressing Indigenous Peoples’ climate priorities. Climate Budget 2022 includes new and proposed funding supporting important climate action, as follows: Canada Growth Fund. Budget 2022 proposes establishing the Canada Growth Fund, with an initial $15B investment over the next five years and the aim of attracting substantial private sector investment supporting the following economic policy goals: reduce emissions and contribute to achieving Canada’s climate goals; diversify the economy and bolster exports by investing in the growth of low-carbon industries and new technologies across new and traditional sectors of Canada’s industrial base; and support the restructuring of critical supply chains in areas important to Canada’s future prosperity—including our natural resources sector. Clean technology. Budget 2022 proposes the following new clean technology funding and investments: engage with experts to establish an investment tax credit of up to 30 per cent, focused on net-zero technologies, battery storage solutions, and clean hydrogen; provide $2.2B over…

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Prime Minister Trudeau Announces New Cabinet

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Prime Minister Justin Trudeau yesterday announced a new Cabinet following the September 20, 2021 election. The priorities for the new Cabinet include creating jobs, growing the middle class, homeownership, accelerating the fight against climate change, $10-a-day childcare, and truth and reconciliation. We expect that the Prime Minister’s Office will issue new mandate letters for the ministers in the coming days.   The new Cabinet is gender-balanced and reflective of Canada’s diversity.  It is noteworthy that three of the most significant ministries (Finance, Foreign Affairs, and National Defence) are now held by women.  The climate agenda is also likely to be bolstered by a strong pairing of Minister Wilkinson, a former environmental innovator, at Natural Resources and Minister Guilbeault, a former environmental advocate, at Environment and Climate Change. The elevation of Edmonton Centre MP, Randy Boisonneault, to Cabinet as Associate Minister of Finance and Minister of Tourism is likely to add a more geographically-diverse perspective to Cabinet decisions in and around energy infrastructure.  Minister Hajdu’s move from her strong leadership at Health during the pandemic to Indigenous Services is also consistent with the government’s stated priority on Indigenous reconciliation.   The new confirmed Cabinet is as follows: Steven Guilbeault becomes Minister of Environment and Climate Change Jonathan Wilkinson becomes Minister of Natural Resources Chrystia Freeland remains Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Mélanie Joly becomes Minister of Foreign Affairs David Lametti remains Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada Marc Miller becomes Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations Omar Alghabra remains Minister of Transport Anita Anand becomes Minister of National Defence Carolyn Bennett becomes Minister of Mental Health and Addictions and Associate Minister of Health Marie-Claude Bibeau remains Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Bill Blair becomes President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada and Minister of Emergency Preparedness Randy Boissonnault becomes Minister of Tourism and Associate Minister of Finance François-Philippe Champagne remains Minister of…

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